RAMADAN
Le Mois de la Révélation
9e Mois · Béniيَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
“"O ye who believe, fasting is decreed for you as it was decreed for those before you; perchance you will guard yourselves." — "The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Quran was sent down, a guidance for the people, and clear verses of guidance and criterion."”
— Qur'an — Al-Baqara, 2:183 & 2:185
Excerpted from Naqshbandi Awrad of Mawlana Shaykh Nazim al-Haqqani — by Mawlana Shaykh Hisham Kabbani.
أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
“A'ūdhu billāhi min ashshayţāni 'r-rajīm Bismillāhi 'r-Raħmāni 'r-Raħīm I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan In the name of God, the Merciful, the Beneficent”
“مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر رمضان _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra Ramaļān_ Greetings and welcome O month of Ramaļān مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر القرآن _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-Qur'ān_ Greetings and welcome O month of the Qur'ān مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر النور _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'n-nūr_ Greetings and welcome O month of light مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الإجتماع _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-ijtimā'a_ Greetings and welcome O month of gathering مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الفقراء _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-fuqarā'_ Greetings and welcome O month of the destitute مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر التوبة والرجوع _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 't-tawbati wa 'r-rujū'_ Greetings and welcome O month of repentance and return مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الدعاء والوقوف _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'd-du'ā'i wa 'l-wuqūf_ Greetings and welcome O month of invocation and standing in supplication مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الفقراء والضعفاء _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-fuqarā' wa 'ļ-ļu'afā_ Greetings and welcome O month of the poor and the weak مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الإحسان _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-iħsān_ Greetings and welcome O month of doing one's best مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر العصاة _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-'ušāt_ Greetings and welcome O month of the sinners مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الفوز والفلاح _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-fawzi wa 'l-falāħ_ Greetings and welcome O month of victory and success مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر المناجاة والتسبيح _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-munājāti wa 't-tasbīħ_ Greetings and welcome O month of intimate discourse and glorification مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الدعوة والإرشاد _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'd-da'wati wa 'l-irshād_ Greetings and welcome O month of the call and the guidance مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر التراويح والقيام _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 't-tarāwīħi wa 'l-qiyām_ Greetings and welcome O month of tarāwīħ prayers and night vigil مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر المصابيح والقناديل _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-mašābīħa wa 'l-qanādīl_ Greetings and welcome O month of lanterns and lights مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الخزائن والكنوز _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-khazā'ini wa 'l-kunūz_ Greetings and welcome O month of coffers and treasures مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الملائكة والسلام _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-malā'ikati wa 's-salām_ Greetings and Welcome to You, O month of the angels and safety مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الإفطار والسحور _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-ifţāri wa 's-suħūr_ Greetings and welcome O month of fast-breaking and the pre-dawn meal مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر المثيرة والأصب _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-muthīrati wa 'l-ašabb_ Greetings and welcome O month of tilling and of deafness to sin مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الأجر والجزاء _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-ajri wa 'l-jazā_ Greetings and welcome O month of repayment and reward مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الصبر والصيام _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'š-šabri wa 'š-šiyām_ Greetings and welcome O month of patience and the fast مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر السعادة _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 's-sa'ādah_ Greetings and welcome O month of felicity مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر المفتاح _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-miftāħ_ Greetings and welcome O month of the key مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الوصل والوصال _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-wašli wa 'l-wišāl_ Greetings and welcome O month of union and reunion مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا شهر الوداد والمحبة _Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā shahra 'l-wadādi wa 'l-muħabbah_ Greetings and welcome O month of friendship and love”
مرحباً أهلاً وسهلاً يا سيد الشهور
“Marħaban, āhlan wa sahlan yā Sayyid ash-Shuhūr Greetings and welcome O master of all months.”
لم نعرف قدرك ولم نحفظ حرمتك يا شهر الغفران، فارض عنا، ولا تشكو منا إلى الرحمن وكن شاهداً لنا بالفضل والإحسان
“Lam n'arif qadraka wa lam naħfaƸ ħurmataka, yā shahra 'l-ghufrān. Fa arļa 'annā, wa lā tashkū minnā ila 'r-Raħmān Wa kun shāhidan lanā bi-faļli wa 'l-iħsān. We have not treated you according to your immense price nor truly sanctified you, O month of forgiveness, but be pleased with us nevertheless and do not blame us before The Merciful, and testify for us with grace and goodness!”
نوينا ان نصوم يوم غد [الأحد، الاثنين، الثلاثاء، الأربعاء، الخميس، الجمعة، السبت] من شهر رمضان المبارك فرضا علينا نصوم إيمانا واحتسابا وإن شاء الله سنصبح من الصائمين
“**TRANSLITERATION:** Nawaynā an našūmu yawma ghadin [al-āħad, al-ithnayn, ath-thulathā, ar-arbi¿a, al-khamīs, al-jumu¿ah, as-sabt] min shahri Ramaļān al-mubārak farļan ¿alaynā nasūmu īmānan w'aħtisāban wa in shā allāh sa nušbiħu min aš-šā'imīn. **TRANSLATION:** We intend to fast tomorrow [name day of the week, e.g. Monday] from the blessed month of Ramadan, as obligatory upon us, and we fast with full belief and self-accounting, and Allah-willing, we will be among those who truly fast.”
لقاء الله يرجى في الصيام ونور القلب في القيام، تعالى الله ذو العرش العظيم الصلاة جامعة الصلاة التراويح أثابكم الله. النبي يشفع لمن يصلي عليه. اللهم صل على سيدنا محمد وعلى آل سيدنا محمد. اللهم إنا نسألك الجنة ونعوذ بك من النار
“**TRANSLITERATION:** Liqāu'Llah yurjā fi'š-šiyām wa nūrul-qalbi fil-qiyām, ta¿ala 'Llāh dhul-¿arshi'l-majīd aš-šalātu jāmi¿atu aš-šalātu't-tarāwīħ athābakumu'Llāh. An-Nabī yashfa¿u liman yušalli ¿alayh. Allāhuma šalli ¿ala Sayyīdinā Muħammadin wa ¿ala āli Sayyīdinā Muħammad. Allāhuma innā nas'aluka'l-Jannata wa na¿ūdhu bika min an-nār. **TRANSLATION:** The meeting with Allah is sought by fasting, and the light of the heart is sought by standing [late at night] in prayer. Exalted be Allah, of the Magnificent Throne. Gather for the tarāwīħ prayer, may Allah make you steadfast. The Prophet ﷺ intercedes for whoever blesses him. O Allah bless our master Muhammad and the Family of our master Muhammad. O Allah truly we ask you for Paradise and we seek refuge in You from the Fire.”
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ
“"O you who believe, fasting is decreed for you as it was decreed for those before you; perchance you will guard yourselves."”
— Qur'an 2:183
— Dr. Gibril Haddad
The fast is broken at sunset, and it is termed in Arabic iftar. It is a time of happiness and refreshment after experiencing the pangs of hunger and thirst. It is usually broken with dates and in many cultures a light soup with bread or small side dishes. Breaking the fast is followed immediately by the evening obligatory prayer. In many parts of the world, including the US, breaking fast is observed in congregation in mosques and homes.
The Prophetic etiquette of breaking fast: three rutabs (moist dates), or else tamr (dry dates), or else water, mentioning Allah, using the right hand, stating the du'a that fasting was for Allah and breakfast with his rizq (provision), and asking Allah aid in fasting, night-prayer, lowering the eyes, and guarding the tongue in Ramadan. The invocation (du'a) upon breaking fast is answered.
Du'as to Recite After Breaking the Fast
اَللّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَعَلى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ
“_Allahumma laka sumtu wa 'alaa rizqika aftartu_ O Allah! For You have I fasted and upon Your sustenance have I broken my fast.”
— Abu Dawud
ذَهَبَ الظَّمَأُ وَابْتَلَّتِ الْعُرُوقُ وَثَبَتَ الأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ
“_Dhahab az zamaa'u wab tallatil urooqu wa thabat al-ajru Insha-Allah_ The thirst has vanished, the veins have been wetted and the reward is established — God willing.”
— Abu Dawud
Prophetic Guidance
On the two joys of fasting
"Whosoever fasts experiences two joys. He is joyful when he breaks his fast, and is joyful because of his fasting when he meets his Lord."
Sahih Muslim
When to break the fast
"When evening approaches from this side (east) and the day retreats from this side (west) and the sun has set, the one who is fasting breaks his fast."
Bukhari and Muslim
What to break with
"Break your fast with a date, or with water because it is pure."
Abu Dawud and Tirmidhi
Hasten to break fast
"My nation will remain in goodness as long as they break the fast as soon as it is due."
Muslim
Additional Guidelines
It is offensive and unhealthy to stuff the stomach with food after fasting. The Prophet ﷺ said: "Enough for a human being to have luqaymat (=from 3 to 9 mouthfuls) that prop up his spine and, if he must have more [in his stomach], then one third of food, one third of water, and one third of air."
Out of respect for the mosques and those who attend them among people, jinn, and angels foods that cause bad breath (such as garlic and onions), belching and gas should not be consumed.
It is the month of the Night of Immense Worth (Laylatul-Qadr). A large number of the commentators have said that deeds done on that night are better than the deeds of 1,000 months which do not contain a Night of Immense Worth. Ibn al-'Imad said: "We have sent it down on the Night of Immense Worth" indicates that the night is better than the day. A thousand months add up to 83 years and four months, or 30,000 days and 30,000 nights.
Scholarly Commentary
Ibn 'Abd al-Salam
"The good deed (al-hasana) on that Night is better than 30,000 good deeds on another."
Qawa'id (Rules)
Abu Bakr al-Warraq
"Solomon's kingdom was five hundred months, and Dhu al-Qarnayn's kingdom was five hundred months, and God has made the deeds done during that night outweigh both kingdoms."
Spiritual Guidance
Ibn Mas'ud
"It is incumbent upon the believer to intend spending it in prayer from the very first night of the month of Muharram (the first month of the year) to the end of the year, so that he will most certainly chance upon it."
Nawawi
"None is granted the benefit of its excellence except he to whom God shows its exact occurrence."
Mawardi
"And it is desirable for him who knows it, not to reveal it."
Introduction
I'tikāf in the time of the Prophet ﷺ was done in the last 10 days of Ramadan. The most important aspect of i'tikāf is to separate yourself from your spouse. That is the primary characteristic in i'tikāf — that there are no intimate relations when you are in i'tikāf. Therefore they used to go to the mosque as that is the only place to achieve that aspect while in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ.
People today like to do i'tikāf in their home. In that case husband and wife can stay in separate rooms. That is i'tikāf. It means you have decided to enter into a heavy training seeking to always be in the Divine Presence, not to be in the dunya.
I'tikāf is a step before khalwah and it trains us to be able to be in khalwah for 40 days. The intent is to be in the Divine Presence. That is your goal: It is Allah ﷻ and his Prophet ﷺ. So your shaykh will assign some awrād for you to do in order that you can achieve some kind of polishing of yourself to enable you in the future to enter khalwah. If you keep i'tikāf well it enables you to reach a true understanding of khalwah.
“I'tikāf is very important because it will put you on that journey towards Allah ﷻ. 'Akafa 'alaa shay in Arabic means to turn towards that thing and keep it without changing, being constant in doing it. When you say 'aakiftu ākul ath-thamr, It means I turned to the decision of always eating dates. 'Akafa is to do something constantly, non-stop. So for that ten days the intention of i'tikāf is "I decide to turn towards my Lord in these ten days and be away from any disturbance or any connection with other than the Divine Presence."”
Rules of I'tikāf
The Sahaba used to stay in the mosque, but if there was something important to attend to, for which they had to go to their houses, they would do so. Thus, it is not full-time seclusion. If they needed to take a shower, they would go home, take a shower and return. Similarly, we observe this rule.
The most important aspect of i'tikāf is that there be no marital relations between husband and wife. As for food, they can eat anything in i'tikāf, it is not restricted, whereas in khalwah you eat only one thing — lentils.
The person in i'tikāf must busy himself or herself in the last 10 days of Ramadan in excessive worship, day and night. They must be very knowing in ways to protect themselves from all negative whispering of Shaytan in the ears.
“**Key Principle:** The first principle to observe is to avoid talking as much as possible. Mu'takifeen are allowed to talk about anything Islamic. They can listen to talks on Islam, ask questions, listen to hadith and so forth, but it must be dedicated to non-worldly, non-dunya aspects. There is no need to talk about going to Wal-mart or to talk about the toys you will buy your children for Eid. All the focus is Allah and His Prophet ﷺ.”
Niyyah (Intention)
One begins the first day before Maghrib, as in the view of Awliyāullah a day, 24 hours, begins at Maghrib. Therefore two hours before Maghrib make ablution on the niyyah of i'tikāf.
The day before the last 10 days of Ramaļān at 'Asr time make the following niyyah:
“"I am intending to do i'tikāf on behalf of myself, my ancestors, and my children asking Support from the Prophet ﷺ, Grand Shaykh Abdullah Daghestani ق, Mawlana Shaykh Nazim al Haqqani ق, from Shaykh Hisham ق, and from Awliya."”
Then present the reward of the i'tikāf as a gift to Prophet ﷺ, to Ahl al-Bayt, to Awliya, Grand Shaykh, Mawlana Shaykh Nazim and Shaykh Hisham, and further to anyone you wish.
Practices
Then enter and sit in the mosque and begin the awrād assigned to you. The 'standard' wird assigned to everyone is:
- Read 1-3 juz per day if they know how to read Quran. If they don't know to read they can read the meaning in English.
- Read one juz of Dalail al-Khayrat every day. If they don't know Arabic, then they can do 100 salawat on Prophet ﷺ in place of reading Dalail al-Khayrat.
- If they don't know to read Quran they can recite 100 times _Qul hūw allāhu āħad_ thus 3 juz consists of 300 times _Qul hūw allāhu āħad_.
It had been the practice of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, that he would not sleep in the night preceding the day of Eid al-Fitr/festival commemoration the end of Ramadan fast. This night has been named in a tradition as the 'Night of Reward'; Almighty bestows His rewards on those who have spent the month of Ramadan abiding by the dictates of Islamic law, and all their prayers and invocation in this night are accepted.
Therefore, it is desirable to perform Nafl salat (optional prayers) in this night. The Prophet said: 'Whoever stands up — in worship — in the nights preceding the two Eids expecting rewards from his Lord, his heart will not die when the other hearts will die.'
To benefit from this opportunity, one should perform as much worship in this night as one can, and should pray for all one's needs and desires.
“Abu Hurairah, may Allah be well pleased with him, reported that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ said: 'On the last night of Ramadan, my nation is forgiven'. He was asked if that meant on Laylatul-Qadr and he said, 'No'. 'The truth is that full wages are paid to the worker when the work is over and the work is completed in the last night. Hence, they are forgiven.' (Meaning that this merit is for the last night whereas the merits of Laylatul-Qadr are different.)”
الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر ... لا إله إلا الله الله أكبر الله أكبر و لله الحمد الله أكبر الله أكبر الله أكبر ... لا إله إلا الله الله أكبر الله أكبر و لله الحمد الله أكبر كبيرا ... والحمد لله كثيرا وسبحان الله وبحمده بكرة وأصيلا لا إله إلا الله وحده ... صدق وعده ... ونصر عبده وأعز جنده وهزم الأحزاب وحده لا إله إلا الله ... ولا نعبد إلا إياه مخلصين له الدين ولو كره الكافرون اللهم صل على سيدنا محمد ... وعلى آل سيدنا محمد وعلى أصحاب سيدنا محمد ... وعلى أنصار سيدنا محمد وعلى أزواج سيدنا محمد وعلى ذرية سيدنا محمد وسلم تسليما كثيرا
“**TRANSLITERATION:** ALLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAAHU-AKBAR ... LAA-ILAHA ILL'ALLAH ALLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAHU-AKBAR-U WA-LILLAH'IL-HAMD ALLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAAHU-AKBAR ... LAA-ILAHA ILL'ALLAH ALLAHU-AKBAR-U'LLAHU-AKBAR-U WA-LILLAH'IL-HAMD ALLAHU AKBAR-U-KABIRA ... WAL-HAMDU-LILLAHI KATHIRA WA-SUBHAN'ALLAHI WA-BE-HAMDI-HI BUKRA-TAN WA-ASCILA LAA-ILAHA-ILL'ALLA-HU WAHDAH ... SADAQA WA-ADAH ... WA-NASARA ABDAH WA-A-AZZA JUNDA-HU WA-HAZAM'AL-AHZAAB WAHDAH LAA-ILAHA ILL'ALLAH ... WA-LA NA-A-BUDU ILLAA IYYAH MUKH-LE-SCINA LAH'UDDINA WALAW KARIH'AL-KAAFIROON ALLAH-UMMA-SALLI-ALA SAYYEDINAA MUHAMMAD ... WA-ALA AALI SAYYEDINAA MUHAMMAD WA-ALA AS'HABI SAYYEDINAA MUHAMMAD ... WA-ALA AN'SARI SAYYEDINAA MUHAMMAD WA-ALA AZWAJI SAYYEDINAA MUHAMMAD WA-ALA-ZURRIYATI-SAYYEDINA MUHAMMAD-IN WA-SALLIM TASLIMAN KATHIRA **TRANSLATION:** Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, There is no Deity but Allah Allah is Great, Allah is Great, and praise is due to Him. Allah is Great, Allah is Great, Allah is Great, There is no Deity but Allah Allah is Great, Allah is Great, and praise is due to Him. Allah is the Greatest, and an abundance of praise is due to Him, and glory and praise be to him morning and evening. There is no Deity but Allah, Alone, He was True to His promise, and He granted victory to His Worshipper, and He supported His troops, and He conquered the allied parties of the enemies all by Himself. There is no Deity but Allah, and we worship no one but Him, and we will sincerely follow the religion for Him, even against the wishes of the disbelievers. May Allah pray upon Sayyidina Mohammad, and upon his Family, and upon his Companions, and upon his Supporters, and upon his Wives, and upon his Descendants, and grant an abundance of peace on him.”
1. Meaning
Zakat al-Fitr is often referred to as Sadaqah al-Fitr. The word Fitr means the same as Iftar, breaking a fast and it comes from the same root word as Futoor which means breakfast. Thus, Islamically, Zakat al-Fitr is the name given to charity which is distributed at the end of the fast of Ramadan.
2. Classification
Sadaqat al-Fitr is a duty which is wajib on every Muslim, whether male or female, minor or adult as long as he/she has the means to do so.
“The proof that this form of charity is compulsory can be found in the Sunnah whereby Ibn `Umar reported that the Prophet ﷺ made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory on every slave, freeman, male, female, young and old among the Muslims; one sa` of dried dates or one sa` of barely.”
— Bukhari — Arabic/English, vol. 2, p. 339, no. 579
The head of the household may pay the required amount for the other members. Abu Saeed al-Khudree said, "On behalf of our young and old, free men and slaves, we used to take out during Allah's Messenger's ﷺ lifetime one sa of grain, cheese or raisins". [Muslim vol. 2, p. 469, no. 2155]
3. Significance
The significant role played by Zakat in the circulation of wealth within the Islamic society is also played by the Sadaqat al-Fitr. However, in the case of Sadaqat al-Fitr, each individual is required to calculate how much charity is due from himself and his dependents and go into the community in order to find those who deserve such charity. Thus, Sadaqat al-Fitr plays a very important role in the development of the bonds of community. The rich are obliged to come in direct contact with the poor, and the poor are put in contact with the extremely poor. This contact between the various levels of society helps to build real bonds of brotherhood and love within the Islamic community and trains those who have, to be generous to those who do not have.
4. Purpose
The main purpose of Sadaqat al-Fitr is to provide those who fasted with the means of making up for their errors during the month of fasting. Sadaqat al-Fitr also provides the poor with a means with which they can celebrate the festival of breaking the fast (`Eid al–Fitr) along with the rest of the Muslims.
“Ibn Abbas reported, "The Prophet ﷺ made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory so that those who fasted may be purified of their idle deeds and shameful talk (committed during Ramadan) and so that the poor may be fed. Whoever gives it before Salat will have it accepted as Zakat, while he who gives it after the Salat has given Sadaqah."”
— Abu Dawood vol. 2, p. 421, no. 1605 — rated Saheeh
Hence, the goal of Sadaqat al-Fitr is the spiritual development of the Believers. By making them give up some of their wealth, the believers are taught the higher moral characteristics of generosity, compassion (sympathy for the unfortunate), gratitude to God and the righteousness. But, since Islam does not neglect man's material need, part of the goal of Zakat al-Fitr is the economic well-being of the poorer members of society.
5. Conditions
Zakat al-Fitr is only wajib for a particular period of time. If one misses the time period without a good reason, he has sinned and can not make it up. This form of charity becomes obligatory from sunset on the last day of fasting and remains obligatory until the beginning of Salat al-'Eid' (i.e. shortly after sunrise on the following day). However, it can be paid prior to the above mentioned period, as many of the Sahabah (companions of the Prophet ﷺ) used to pay Sadaqat al-Fitr a couple days before the `Eid.
After the spread of Islam the jurists permitted its payment from the beginning and middle of Ramadan so as to ensure that the Zakat al-Fitr reached its beneficiaries on the day of Eid. It is particularly emphasized by our mashaykh that the distribution be before the Eid prayers in order that the needy who receive are able to use the fitr to provide for their dependents on the day of `Eid.
Nafireported that the Prophet's companion IbnUmar used to give it to those who would accept it and the people used to give it a day or two before the Eid. _[al-Bukhari Vol. 2, p.339, no. 579]_. Ibn Umar reported that the Prophet ﷺ order that it (Zakat al-Fitr) be given before people go to make the Salat (al-'Eid). And Ibn `Abbas reported that the Prophet ﷺ said, "Whoever gives it before the salat will have it accepted as Zakat, while he who gives it after the Salat (will not, for it will only be considered as) ordinary charity. Therefore, one who forgets to pay this Zakat al-Fitr on time should do so as soon as possible even though it will not be counted as Zakat al-Fitr.
6. Rate
The amount of Zakat is the same for everyone regardless of their different income brackets. The minimum amount is one sa(two handfuls) of food, grain or dried fruit for each member of the family. This calculation is based on IbnUmar's report that the Prophet ﷺ made Zakat al-Fitr compulsory and payable by a sa of dried dates or a sa of barley.
The Hanafi school permits paying Zakat al-Fitr in the form of cash, equivalent to the above amount, while this is not permitted Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools. Using cash as a form of payment became the adopted position by many official fataw councils around the world.
“The Sahabi, Abu Sa`eed al-Khudree said, "In the Prophet's time, we used to give it (Zakat al-Fitr) as a sa` of food, dried dates, barley, raisins or dried cheese".”
— al-Bukhari vol. 2, p. 340, no. 582
أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
“A'ūdhu billāhi min ashshayţāni 'r-rajīm Bismillāhi 'r-Raħmāni 'r-Raħīm I seek refuge in God from the accursed Satan In the name of God, the Merciful, the Beneficent”
“اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra Ramaļān_ Farewell, farewell, O month of Ramaļān اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْقُرْآنِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-Qur'ān_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the Qur'ān اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ النُّورِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'n-nūr_ Farewell, farewell, O month of light اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْإِجْتِمَاعِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-ijtimā'a_ Farewell, farewell, O month of gathering اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْفُقَرَاءِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-fuqarā'_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the destitute اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ التَّوْبَةِ وَالرُّجُوعِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 't-tawbati wa 'r-rujū'_ Farewell, farewell, O month of repentance and return اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الدُّعَاءِ وَالْوُقُوفِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'd-du'ā'i wa 'l-wuqūf_ Farewell, farewell, O month of invocation and standing in supplication اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْفُقَرَاءِ وَالضُّعَفَاءِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-fuqarā' wa 'ļļu'afā_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the poor and the weak اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْإِحْسَانِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-iħsān_ Farewell, farewell, O month of doing one's best اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْعُصَاةِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-'ušāt_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the sinners اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْفَوْزِ وَالْفَلَاحِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-fawzi wa 'l-falāħ_ Farewell, farewell, O month of victory and success اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْمُنَاجَاةِ وَالتَّسْبِيحِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-munājāti wa 't-tasbīħ_ Farewell, farewell, O month of intimate discourse and glorification اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الدَّعْوَةِ وَالْإِرْشَادِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'd-da'wati wa 'l-irshād_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the call and the guidance اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ التَّرَاوِيحِ وَالْقِيَامِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 't-tarāwīħi wa 'l-qiyām_ Farewell, farewell, O month of tarāwīħ prayers and night vigil اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْمَصَابِيحِ وَالْقَنَادِيلِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-mašābīħa wa 'l-qanādīl_ Farewell, farewell, O month of lanterns and lights اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْخَزَائِنِ وَالْكُنُوزِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-khazā'ini wa 'l-kunūz_ Farewell, farewell, O month of coffers and treasures اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالسَّلَامِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-malā'ikati wa 's-salām_ Farewell, farewell, to You, O month of the angels and safety اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْإِفْطَارِ وَالسُّحُورِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-ifţāri wa 's-suħūr_ Farewell, farewell, O month of fast-breaking and the pre-dawn meal اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْمُثِيرَةِ وَالْأَصَبِّ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-muthīrati wa 'l-ašabb_ Farewell, farewell, O month of tilling and of deafness to sin اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الضُّعَفَاءِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'ļ-ļu'afā_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the weak اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْأَجْرِ وَالْجَزَاءِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-ajri wa 'l-jazā_ Farewell, farewell, O month of repayment and reward اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الصَّبْرِ وَالصِّيَامِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'š-šabri wa 'š-šiyām_ Farewell, farewell, O month of patience and the fast اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ السَّعَادَةِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 's-sa'ādah_ Farewell, farewell, O month of felicity اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْمِفْتَاحِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-miftāħ_ Farewell, farewell, O month of the key اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْوَصْلِ وَالْوِصَالِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-wašli wa 'l-wišāl_ Farewell, farewell, O month of union and reunion اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا شَهْرَ الْوَدَادِ وَالْمَحَبَّةِ _Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā shahra 'l-wadādi wa 'l-muħabbah_ Farewell, farewell, O month of friendship and love”
اَلْوَدَاعُ اَلْوَدَاعُ يَا سَيِّدَ الشُّهُورِ
“Al-wadā'a al-wadā'a yā Sayyid ash-Shuhūr Farewell, farewell, O master of all months.”
لَمْ نَعْرِفْ قَدْرَكَ وَلَمْ نَحْفَظْ حُرْمَتَكَ يَا شَهْرَ الْغُفْرَانِ، فَارْضَ عَنَّا، وَلَا تَشْكُو مِنَّا إِلَى الرَّحْمَنِ وَكُنْ شَاهِدًا لَنَا بِالْفَضْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ
“Lam n'arif qadraka wa lam naħfaƸ ħurmataka, yā shahra 'l-ghufrān. Fa arļa 'annā, wa lā tashkū minnā ila 'r-Raħmān Wa kun shāhidan lanā bi-faļli wa 'l-iħsān. We have not treated you according to your immense price nor truly sanctified you, O month of forgiveness, but be pleased with us nevertheless and do not blame us before The Merciful, and testify for us with grace and goodness!”
Traditional practices for the sacred month of Ramadan from Naqshbandi teachings.
Qu’Allah (ﷻ) nous accorde les bénédictions de Ramadan et nous fasse atteindre Laylat al-Qadr.
naqshbandiafrica.org